International Economics - Regional Trading Agreements

Regional Trading Agreements

Regional Trading Agreements

	AFTA CER Free Trade Agreement
	ARAB MAGHREB UNION (AMU)
	ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
	ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement
	Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA)
	Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement (CCRFTA)
	Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement (CIFTA)
	Central European Free Trade Agreement
	EFTA-Bulgaria Free Trade Agreement
	EFTA-Czech Republic Free Trade Agreement
	EFTA-Hungary Free Trade Agreement
	EFTA-Israel Free Trade Agreement
	EFTA-Poland Free Trade Agreement
	European Community-Bulgaria Free Trade Agreement
	European Community-Hungary Free Trade Agreement
	European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
	European Union
	Free Trade Agreements among CIS Countries
	Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
	Japan Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Mexico-EU Free Trade Agreement
	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
	Three Mexico Free Trade Agreements - Mexico-Bolivia, Mexico-Costa Rica and Mexico-Nicaragua
	US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement

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Free Trade Agreements among CIS Countries

Links | References

Background

Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created to preserve linkages between the countries. Several of the CIS leaders hoped that it would be possible to reintegrate the national economies and thus maintain a single post-soviet economic space. This was to be achieved by the Agreement on Economic Union concluded on September 1993 by eleven of the CIS states.

The CIS Economic Union Agreement

The agreement was executed by nine CIS countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Stan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Ukraine has joined the agreement as an Associate Member, and Georgia and Turkmenistan did not sign it. The agreement commits the signatories to undertake a variety of measures intended to foster their economic integration, including the creation of customs union, monetary union, free trade area for goods and services and common market for capital and labor. It also commits the signatories to formulate and implement a uniform foreign economic policy. At this time, certain parties have taken limited steps to fulfill commitments made in the CIS Economic Union Agreement, including:

The execution of a number of agreements and protocols directed at creation of envisioned customs union,
The execution of a free trade agreement (see subsection 2c below), and
The execution of certain labor market agreements (see section 3 below).

However, this agreement was never fully implemented. CIS countries have failed to make any progress in the creation of a regional free-trade zone. The relevant agreement was signed on April 15, 1994; however, that zone is still nowhere to be seen. The signatory states concerned are still unable to work out a common customs policy and to coordinate the range of goods that can be excised, as well as the required excise-tax rates.

The outlines of a CIS free-trade zone are clouded in mist. Nonetheless, the free-trade agreement signed four years ago enabled Russia to consolidate its economic positions in CIS member states. According to the CIS Inter-State Statistics Committee, Russia used to be the main trade partner of CIS countries throughout 1997. Besides, Russia's First Deputy Minister for Cooperation With CIS Countries, Pavel Smirnov, says that the aforesaid agreement made it possible to avoid even more pronounced CIS industrial decline over the 1994-1997 period, to prevent the mutual trade turnover from plunging to an even lower level and to avoid any more drastic reductions in GDP levels.

Consequently, intra-CIS relations were mostly based on bilateral free-trade agreements throughout the 1996-1997 period.

The Bilateral Free Trade Agreements that have been Signed within the CIS

Azerbaijan has signed bilateral free trade agreements with the Russian Federation (1992), Moldova (1995), Ukraine (1995), Turkmenistan (1996), Uzbekistan (1996), Georgia (1996) and Kazakhstan (1997).

Similarly, Georgia has agreements with the Russian Federation (1994), Uzbekistan (1995), Ukraine (1996), Armenia (1998), Kazakhstan (1999), Turkmenistan (2000) and Moldova. But it is on Feb 11, 2000 that the Georgian Parliament ratified the 1994 agreement with Russia.

Kyrgyz Stan has also freed its trade with the Russian Federation (1993), Armenia (1995), Kazakhstan (1995), Moldova (1996), Ukraine and Uzbekistan (1998).

In addition both Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have concluded free trade agreements with Uzbekistan in 1996; Uzbekistan has also come up with Belarus, Moldova and Russian Federation. Ukraine has signed free trade agreements with each of the former Soviet republics except Tajikistan.

Of all the free trade agreements presented above only 13 of them have been both notified to the GATT/WTO and in force.

A Brief Look at the Free Trade Agreements – The Uzbekistan Bilateral Agreements as Examples

For the Uzbekistan-Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan-Georgia and Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan free trade agreements, a free trade regime is established in each case. The parties agree not to impose customs duties, taxes or fees having similar effect, or quantitative restrictions on export or import of goods originating from the customs territory of one party and destined for the customs territory of the other party.

For the case of Uzbekistan-Georgia, each party agrees to permit free transit of goods originating from the territory of the other party, regardless of their destination. Each party also agrees to permit free transit of goods originating from a third country destined for the territory of the other party.

The parties involved in the three agreements agree to revise annually the list of goods and withdrawals from the free trade regimes. Uzbekistan withdraws the following goods from each of the free trade agreements mentioned above:

goods originating from Uzbekistan subject to export tariffs under laws of Uzbekistan, which are in force at the moment of customs registration, and
all goods subject to import or export licensing requirements, or quota limitations under laws of Uzbekistan, which are in force at the moment of customs registration.

At the same time, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan withdraw the following goods:

goods origination from Azerbaijan, which are subject to export tariff under laws of Azerbaijan, which are in force at the moment of customs registration;
. all goods subject to import or export licensing requirements or quota restrictions under laws of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan, which are in force at the moment of customs registration.

Most-favored nations (MFN) extended to such withdrawn goods originating from, or exported to the territory of the other party with respect to all matters related to:

import and export duties and fees, and procedures and rules for collecting such duties and fees;
procedures and rules relating to customs registration, transit, storage, goods reloading and similar services;
taxes and other internal fees of any type, relating directly or indirectly to goods;
procedures with respect to sale, purchase, distribution, and use of goods in the domestic market; and
granting of import and export licenses.

MFN does not extend to privileges granted by a party:

to neighboring countries in order to facilitate border trade;
as a result of participation in a free trade area or customs union;
to developing countries in accordance with international agreements; or
to each other in accordance with special agreements (only for the case of Uzbekistan-Azerbaijan).

The Agreement on Creation of Common Economic Area between the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic and Republic of Kazakhstan – a Multilateral Agreement that has come into Force

This agreement is signed on January 10, 1994, and acceded to by Kyrgyz Stan on 16 January 1994. The Agreement is aimed at deepening economic integration of the signatories over the years 1994-2000. It is a basic framework agreement that generally commits the signatories to undertake a variety of measures intended to foster economic integration, including creation of a free trade area for trade in goods and services, a common market for capital and labor, and mutual adoption of agreed policies regarding budgetary, accounting, pricing, customs and currency matters. The Agreement specifically envisions cancellation of customs duties, gradual reduction of other import-inhibiting levies and restrictions, simplification of customs measures, harmonization of customs legislation, unification of customs documentation, and removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers to movement of goods, passengers and luggage. The Agreement also specifically envisions formulation of agreed policies and implementation of agreed measures intended to:

promote establishment of a network of commercial and financial-credit institutions,
promote foreign investment,
create favorable conditions for trans-border cooperation and transactions among business entities,
prevent unilateral action restricting market access,
promote prices set by market forces,
prevent monopolies and unfair competition, and
promote communications and transportation of goods and persons.

Recent Developments

While bilateral free trade agreements are relatively easier to be established, the CIS countries have been striving hard towards broader and deeper regional integration.

Georgia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan formed a new military-political-economical-grouping (GUUAM) along with Moldova and Ukraine, resisting the predominance of Russia. The presidents stressed cooperation in establishing the Eurasian Trans-Caucasus transportation corridor (TRACECA), in conflict settlement, peacekeeping activities, transportation projects, and integration into the Euro-Atlantic and European structures of security and cooperation. In 1999, Uzbekistan joined the GUUAM. Then, in September 2000 in New York, the presidents agreed on institutionalization of GUUAM and began negotiations toward creating free trade area within these five countries. The following month Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Stan and Tajikistan agreed to set up the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on the basis of the previously established Customs Union.

For the newly established Eurasian Economic Union, regarding economic integration, the appropriate document has been signed according to which Union member countries will have to negotiate common external tariffs/trade barriers, which will probably create a Russian-led trading bloc. This will complicate bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations with WTO members for Kazakhstan and it will become impossible for Kyrgyz Stan to fulfill obligations agreed during the negotiations with WTO members. Kyrgyz Stan will be required to choose between Russia and western integration (WTO).

The GUUAM free trade area, since Georgia is already WTO member, will not complicate WTO negotiations for Moldova, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan because the free trade area does not require member countries to harmonize external tariffs and thus foreign trade policies. The GUUAM countries have set up a regional organization during 2001 and started preparations on the creation free trade area among GUUAM countries. The result would be that all import tariffs and other trade barriers will be removed between GUUAM members and each country will continue to retain its own international trade measures vis-à-vis countries outside the free-trade area. Regional free-trade areas are very important in the structure of world trade. With outside countries, trade continues to be governed by bilateral treaties and the WTO/GATT framework. The creation of a regional free-trade area allows a group of states to cooperate in increasing their own wealth without waiting for the rest of world.

The fact that GUUAM countries have common economic, political and probably military interests strengthens this regional grouping. Among the top priorities, economic cooperation is of special importance, considering the plans to establish the Europe-South Caucasus-Central Asia transit corridor on the Silk Road in which the GUUAM countries would play an important role. The energy sector is another sphere of cooperation, particularly development of Caspian oil deposits and the construction of multiple pipelines to the international market.

Different political, economic and military interests divide the CIS into a pro-Russian Economic Union and a pro-Western GUUAM. Despite Russian insistence to the contrary, the CIS is characterized by a lack of political cohesion and there are divergent views about the role and status of the CIS among member countries. Russia is still willing to support an integration process that ultimately could lead to the creation of a unified political entity. However, the CIS cannot operate as a real integrative institution, especially after the creation of GUUAM and the Eurasian Economic Union, two regional organizations within the CIS that do not inspire much optimism about the future of the CIS even from a purely economic perspective.

Keywords: CIS, Commonwealth of Independent States, Free Trade Agreement

Links
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Links related to CIS (3 out of 9 links are shown. Complete list of links can be found at here.)

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	Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States
	URL: http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/
	This comprehensive site provides countries reports and industrial reports of the CIS.
	1299 visits has been made through our site.

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	Uzbekistan's Institutional Base For Trade And Economic Relations With Third Countries
	URL: http://www.mfer.uz/english/trade/memorandum/g-7.html
	This webpage provides information on Uzbekistan's bilateral and multilateral agreements relating to foreign trade in goods and services with other countries.
	1149 visits has been made through our site.

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	The GUUAM Official Site
	URL: http://www.guuam.org/
	This is the official site of Georgia Ukraine Uzbekistan Azerbaijan Moldova (GUUAM).
	1125 visits has been made through our site.

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Links related to Commonwealth of Independent States (2 out of 4 links are shown. Complete list of links can be found at here.)

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	Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States
	URL: http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/
	This comprehensive site provides countries reports and industrial reports of the CIS.
	1299 visits has been made through our site.

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	The GUUAM Official Site
	URL: http://www.guuam.org/
	This is the official site of Georgia Ukraine Uzbekistan Azerbaijan Moldova (GUUAM).
	1125 visits has been made through our site.

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Links related to Free Trade Agreement (5 out of 197 links are shown. Complete list of links can be found at here.)

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	ASEAN Free Trade Area: AFTA
	URL: http://www.moc.go.th/thai/dbe/AFTA-NET.html
	This site provides the background information of ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), its objective of setting up this trade area and the members involved. It also mentioned a tariff reduction program which is called Common Effective Proferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme and its implement and preogree.
	7107 visits has been made through our site.

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	ASEAN Free Trade Area
	URL: http://www.aseansec.org/economic/afta/afta.htm
	This site provides a list of agreements and protocol since the establishment of ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) in 1992. It also provides the statistical data of trade value among the member states, the tariff reduction schedules in accordance of CEPT Agreement and press releases of the AFTA Council ministerial meetings.
	4210 visits has been made through our site.

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	The ASEAN Free Trade Area
	URL: http://www.us-asean.org/afta.htm
	The site provides the background information of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area (AFTA), summary of the AFTA tariff reduction & other regional economic cooperation initiatives in the past and the foreseeable development in future. Many initiatives and proposal will be followed so as to enhence the competitiveness for ASEAN regions e.g. lower the tariff and remove the quantitative restrictions.
	3735 visits has been made through our site.

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	To Create Free Trade Agreement in 10 Years
	URL: http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0WDQ/2001_Nov_12/80882037/p1/article.jhtml?term=ASEAN-China+Free+Trade+Agreement
	This article shows that the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)-China Free Trade Agreement creates good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation between China and Association of South East Asian Nations. This free trade agreement has entered a new stage and new level.
	3683 visits has been made through our site.

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	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
	URL: http://www.aseansec.org/1024x768.html
	This is the official web site of Association of Sotheast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It links with the sites of organizations related to ASEAN and also links with the ASEAN document series from 1988 to 2000 e.g. ASEAN ministerial meeting, economic and functional cooperation among memeber states, etc.
	3299 visits has been made through our site.

References
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References related to CIS (6 references are shown.)

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	Has the Commonwealth of Independent States Collapsed?
	Author: Dimitri Kemoklidze Book:
	Year: 2001
	This online article discusses the failure of the CIS to operate as a real integrative institution, especially after the creation of GUUAM and the Eurasian Economic Union, two regional organizations in the CIS.
	Remarks:

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	CIS Countries on the Way to Regional Economic Integration
	Author: Egor S. Stroev Book: Russia and Eurasia at the Crossroads
	Year: 1999 Vol: Chapter 9, pp. 384-491
	This chapter of the book reviews the regional economic integration in today's world, discusses the experience and problems of economic integration in the CIS towards a common economic space, science-technology and education space, depict the CIS's organisational forms of integration and the Petersburg Economic Forum, and envision the issues of economic integration in international research.
	Remarks:

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	Briefing Book on the Accession of the Russian Federation to the World Trade Organization
	Author: Book:
	Year: 2000
	This site generally discusses three barrier to Russia's accession to the WTO - intellectual property rights, trade remedy laws of the United States, and free-trade agreements with other former Soviet republics.
	Remarks:

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	Signing Ceremonies Do Not Ensure Future Success For Economic Blocs
	Author: Alec Appelbaum Book:
	Year: 2001
	This online article argues that signing ceremonies alone does not ensure future success for trade initiatives in light of two competing economic blocs comprising former Soviet states - the GUUAM group and the Eurasian Economic Community.
	Remarks:

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	The Russian Foreign Trade
	Author: Vladimir Tikhomirov Book: The Political Economy of Pos-Soviet Russia
	Year: 2000 Vol: Chapter 3, pp. 115-166
	This chapter of a book discusses Russia's foreign trade with non-CIS countries and CIS countries, its regional patterns of foreign trade, and its ways and volumes of capital flight.
	Remarks:

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	The CIS Handbook
	Author: Editors: Patrick Heenan and Monique Lamontagne Book: The CIS Handbook
	Year: 1999
	This book covers the history ond context of CIS economy, the reforms and prospects of each of the CIS countries, the economic and social issues of the CIS (energy, raw materials, manufacturing, financial services and social divisions), and CIS' international relations (with East Asia, the US and European countries).
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References related to Commonwealth of Independent States (2 references are shown.)

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	Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Political Disintegration, and the Choice of Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions
	Author: Maurice Schiff Book:
	Year:
	This online paper uses two theories — on the impact of multilateral trade liberalization (MTL) on regional integration, and on the impact of MTL on political disintegration — to explain why the ratio of FTAs to Customs Unions has increased over time, and why that ratio is larger for North-South than for South-South regional agreements. Issues related to the CIS is briefly discussed.
	Remarks:

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	Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Political Disintegration, and the Choice of Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions
	Author: Maurice Schiff Book:
	Year:
	This online paper uses two theories — on the impact of multilateral trade liberalization (MTL) on regional integration, and on the impact of MTL on political disintegration — to explain why the ratio of FTAs to Customs Unions has increased over time, and why that ratio is larger for North-South than for South-South regional agreements. Issues related to the CIS is briefly discussed.
	Remarks:

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References related to Free Trade Agreement (164 references are shown.)

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	Foreign Investment and NAFTA
	Author: Editor: Alan Rugman Book:
	Year:
	This book explores the impacts of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on foreign investment. International business experts evaluate the investment rules and regulations included in NAFTA and predict how these new rules will affect large multinational corporations. Beginning with an explanation of NAFTA's investment provisions, part one discusses the politics and economics of the agreement. Part two assesses NAFTA's impact on foreign investment in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Part three includes case studies of the energy and forest products sectors, offering a detailed discussion of how multinational enterprises might redirect their strategic planning efforts in light of NAFTA. The final section considers NAFTA's impact on North American foreign investment from Asian and Latin American sources. Concluding that NAFTA will create a strong regional trading block in which "insider" firms will benefit at the expense of Asian and European outsiders, the authors predict that the agreement will cause few adverse effects for Canadian and U.S. industries. They concur that NAFTA will affect Mexico more than its northern neighbors, and they emphasize that while Mexico will enjoy accelerated growth as a result of the agreement, it will also face greater adjustment costs.
	Remarks: Found at: http://www.sc.edu/uscpress/1994/9993.html

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	Effect of Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement on Interprovincial Trade
	Author: John F., Helliwell, Frank C. Lee and Hans Messinger Book: Industry Canada Research Publications
	Year: April 1999 Vol: Paper No. 5
	This paper assesses the impact of FTA on interprovincial trade. It examines the possibility that the FTA may have create more trade between Canada and United States, in part by diverting trade away from interprovincial channels. The authors use two types of evidences in their approach. First, they develop a gravity model to explain interprovincial and province-state trade flows. Then, they analyse new industry level data to estimate the extend to which tariff changes in Canada and United States help explain inter-industry differences in the growth of interprovincial trade.
	Remarks:

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	Evaluating Participation in African Economic Integration Schemes: The Case of the North African Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
	Author: Testas, Abdelaziz Book: Journal of African Economies
	Year: 1999 Vol: 8(1), pp. 108-23
	This article makes an attempt to assess the significance of economic integration among African countries, taking the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) of 1989 as a case study, judged from the perspective of one member country--Algeria. The main conclusion to emerge from the empirical findings is that, while the existence of trade expansion effects can be demonstrated, their impact on the Algerian economy is quite modest.
	Remarks:

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	Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This is the articles and principles of Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The agreement is dicided into 8 parts: 1)Objectives and scope 2)Trade in goods 3)Government procurement 4)Services, investment and temporary entry 5)Financial services 6)Institutional provisions 7)Other provisions, and 8)Final provisions.
	Remarks: http://wehner.tamu.edu/mgmt.www/nafta/fta/complete.pdf

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	ASEAN Free-Trade Area Discussions on including China, Japan, and South Korea
	Author: Michael Barry Book: International Economic Review
	Year: January/February 2001 Vol: USITC Publication 3402
	Leaders from the 10 member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) met in November 2000, and agreed to initiatives aimed at promoting further economic integration in the region. Leaders from China, Japan, and South Korea also joined in these discussions, in what has become known as the 'ASEAN-plus-three' meetings. Among the agreed proposals was one to study the impact of creating an ASEAN free-trade area that would include China, Japan, and South Korea.
	Remarks: This economic review can be downloaded in pdf format. ftp://ftp.usitc.gov/pub/reports/ier/PUB3402.PDF

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	Growth, the Maghreb and Free Trade with the European Union
	Author: Page,John and Underwood,John Book: Regional partners in global markets: Limits and possibilities of the Euro-Med agreements
	Year: 1997 Vol: pages 98-126
	This article is part of a book. It reviews the historical background of Maghreb countries' trade relation with European Union and its growth.
	Remarks:

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	Building a Partnership: The Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Editor: Mordechai Kreinin Book:
	Year: May 2000
	The content of this book contain papers and commentary drawn from a September 1998 conference held at Michigan State University, examines in detail the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement. Among its many contributions, the work underscores how this pact paved the way for the North American Free Trade Agreement. The work also includes essays written by Canadian and American policy makers. These are augmented by a series of insightful papers and commentary written by scholars and informed observers. There are summaries and places the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement into a framework for the future, one that includes trade agreements with other countries in the Western Hemisphere. In light of the recently concluded World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle.
	Remarks: Found at: http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-032-7.html

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	Multinationals and Canada-United States Free Trade
	Author: Alan M. Rugman Book:
	Year:
	About this book: The largest trading partner for the United States is Canada. There is three times as much trade between the two North American countries as there is between the United States and Japan. About 25% of all U.S. exports go to Canada and nearly 80% of Canada's exports are to the United States. In addition, these two countries account for the largest two way flows of foreign direct investment in the world. The world's most bilateral trade agreement was negotiated between 1986 and 1988. On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney signed the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, which was later ratified by both governments and became effective January 1, 1989. The author's background research for the Canadian negotiators of the treaty was the catalyst for this economic and managerial study about the nature of two way trade and investment. This book captures many key policies and business issues, especially the nature of foreign direct investment by both home and host country multinationals.
	Remarks:

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	Evaluating Participation in African Economic Integration Schemes: The Case of the North African Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
	Author: Testas, Abdelaziz Book: Journal of African Economies
	Year: 1999 Vol: 8(1), pages 108-23.
	This article makes an attempt to assess the significance of economic integration among African countries, taking the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) of 1989 as a case study, judged from the perspective of one member country--Algeria. The main conclusion to emerge from the empirical findings is that, while the existence of trade expansion effects can be demonstrated, their impact on the Algerian economy is quite modest.
	Remarks:

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	The Significance of Trade Integration among Developing Countries: A Comparison between ASEAN and AMU
	Author: Testas, Abdelaziz Book: Journal of Economic Development
	Year: 1998 Vol: 23(1), pages 117-30.
	This paper analyses the significance of trade integration among two developing regional trading arrangements: the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the North African Arab Maghreb Union (AMU). The analysis is for the period 1973-92 with a sub-division for 1973-82 and 1983-92. The findings show that the former has had a more profound economic impact on its members than the latter.
	Remarks:

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	Trade Liberalisation in the Maghreb Countries in the Context of the Free Trade Area Agreements with Europe in a Comparative Perspective
	Author: Nabli, Mustapha K. Book: Journal of Economic Cooperation among Islamic Countries
	Year: 1997 Vol: 18(4), pages 1-22.
	The implementation by Maghreb countries of the Preferential Trading Area Agreements with the European Union is one of the main factors that will determine their economic performance over the next 15-20 years. The most significant feature of the agreements is the implied unilateral liberalization and opening to imports of manufactured products by the Maghreb countries. The objective of this paper is to gain some insights into the likely impact of this unilateral trade liberalization by the Maghreb countries by looking at similar trade liberalization experiences in developing countries and to derive same lessons from the comparison.
	Remarks:

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	Economics and European Union migration policy
	Author: Corry, Dan, ed. Book: Economics and European Union migration policy
	Year: 1996 Vol: pages 136
	Six papers, resulting from a conference held in March 1996 at the Institute for Public Policy Research in London, focus on the insights that economic analysis can contribute to future European Union migration policy. Papers explore the politics of trade and migration (Stuart Bell); whether migration into EU countries is demand based (Peter A. Fischer and Thomas Stroubhaar); the contribution of international aid to the long-term solution of the European migration problem (Willem Molle); economic developments within the European Union and the role of population movements (John Salt); old and new labor migration to Germany from Eastern Europe (Elmar Honekopp); and the social and policy challenge of European migration with respect to the Maghreb and Turkey (Donatella Giubilaro). Corry is Senior Economist at the Institute for Public Policy Research in London.
	Remarks:

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	Effect of Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement on Interprovincial Trade
	Author: John F., Helliwell, Frank C. Lee and Hans Messinger Book: Industry Canada Research Publications
	Year: April 1999 Vol: Paper No. 5
	This paper assesses the impact of FTA on interprovincial trade. It examines the possibility that the FTA may have create more trade between Canada and United States, in part by diverting trade away from interprovincial channels. The authors use two types of evidences in their approach. First, they develop a gravity model to explain interprovincial and province-state trade flows. Then, they analyse new industry level data to estimate the extend to which tariff changes in Canada and United States help explain inter-industry differences in the growth of interprovincial trade.
	Remarks:

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	Magreb: The Reasons for Formation
	Author: Kandzija, Vinko Book: Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta Rijeka
	Year: 1995 Vol: 13(1), pages 187-99.
	The reasons for forming magreb, that is the Arabic Union of Magreb (UMA) have been analyzed in this paper. The primary reason why UMA was founded as late as 1989 were the events in Iran and the world economic crisis which was particularly reflected on raw materials, oil and gas. In that period a powerful interest for interdependence was awakened and numerous centripetal forces, the linking tissue, directed the other factors to a common goal--mutual coexistence. The obvious limiting factor in the Arabic Union of Magreb are the relations between Algeria and Marocco which is the integrative basis of Magreb, and Libya with its special position in the process.
	Remarks: This paper is written in French with English summary.

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	Africa and the European Community after 1992
	Author: McAleese, Dermot et-al. Book: Africa and the European Community after 1992
	Year: 1993 Vol: pages xiii, 93.
	Five papers, resulting from a seminar held by the Economic Development Institute at Dublin Castle in November 1989, examine the creation of a customs union and single markets for goods and services in the European Community and its implication for sub-Saharan Africa and the Maghreb countries. Papers focus on external trade policy of the European Community; the implications of EC commercial policy on developing countries; African primary product exports to the European Community; the impact of Europe 1992 on the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa; and issues in manufacturing trade and services. Cocontributors are Jacques Bourrinet, Alan Matthews, Christopher Stevens, and Michael Davenport.
	Remarks:

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	The US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement:Taking US-Singapore relationships higher
	Author: Book:
	Year: 2002
	This speech helps us know more about the effects on the relationship of US and Singapore brought by the free trade agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.ips.org.sg/pub/sp_tommy_amcham.pdf

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	The European Free Trade Association
	Author: Victoria Curzon Price Book: Economic integration worldwide. New York: St. Martin's Press
	Year: 1997 Vol: pages 175-202
	In this book, one of the chapter thoroughly describes the European Free Trade Association in which all necessary information of the organisation are given.
	Remarks:

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	Mexico, NAFTA, and Free Trade in the Americas
	Author: James W. Wilkie and Olga M. Lazin Book: Mexico and the World
	Year: 1996 Vol: Vol. 1, No. 1
	This journal article explains Mexico's role as a central cohesive element for free trade integration in the Western Hemisphere; lists the free trade organizations in the Western Hemisphere as of January 1, 1995; shows how the emerging Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) poses a special challenge to and opportunity for Mexico; and discusses whether free trade is being imposed from above to exploit workers in the name of globalization or is a result of popular demand.
	Remarks: This article is available online.

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	On the Importance of Joining the EC's Single Market: The Perspective EFTA Members
	Author: Richard Edward Baldwin Book: International differences in growth rates : market globalization and economic areas, edited by Mario Baldassarri, Luigi Paganetto and Edmund S. Phelps.
	Year: 1994 Vol: Macmillan ; New York: St. Martin's Press, pages 267-284
	In 1989 EFTA and the European Community (EC) started to negotiate EEA agreement to extend the reforms in the EC's Single Market Program. In this paper, the author argues that there are very strong economic reasons for the EFTA countries wanting to join the Single Market via the EEA.
	Remarks:

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	Free Trade versus Protectionism : a Source Book of Essays and Readings .
	Author: Compiled by Johannes Overbeek Book:
	Year:
	This book includes different authors' information about the history of free trade, protectionalism and international economic relations.
	Remarks: This book can be found in the University Library and the call out number is HF 1711.F744 1999

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	Bridges to Peace: The US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement And American Policy in the Middle East
	Author: Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky U.S. Trade Representative Book:
	Year: July 2000
	This article shows the economic benefits about the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement. It also shows the summary of the content about this agreement and its effects on improving the relationship between these two countries.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.ndol.org/documents/Barshefsky_073100.pdf

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	International Trade Policy: A Primer
	Author: Kathleen Macmillan Book:
	Year: March 2000
	This is one of three discussion papers commissioned by Status of Women Canada in year 2000. It discusses the concepts and evolution of trade rule-making and provides an overview of a number of trade agreements to which Canada is a party. This could be a useful tool for those who are just becoming interested in the development of international trade policy. Information of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement and many other relevant agreements is provided on page 21.
	Remarks: http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/publish/020218-0662661958-e.pdf

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	Foreign Investment Policy in the Region [Latin America and the Carribean]
	Author: Permanent Secretariat of Latin American Economic System (SELA) Book: Part II, The International Trade Aagenda on Investment
	Year: 1999
	Foreign investment treatment policies in Latin America and the Caribbean are reviewed. These policies ceased to be protectionist and restrictive to become frank, open, charaterised by various liberal bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and integration and free trade agreement with treatment of foreign direct investment.
	Remarks: This article is available online . For the content of the full document please click "a href "http://lanic.utexas.edu/~sela/AA2K/EN/docs/spclxxvdi7.htm">here .

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	Economic Impact and Implications for Jordan of United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: This report was prepared by Montague Lord in collaboration with Hana Uraidi-Hammudeh and under the direction of Zaki Ayoubi and Chemonics International Inc., prime contractor to the U.S. Agency for International Development for the AMIR Program in Jordan. Book:
	Year: 2001 Vol: Contract No. 278-C-00-98-00029-00
	This report includes the content of the trade agreement, tariff structure and the impact on the international competitiveness. It also includes the potential impact in the future as well.
	Remarks: This report is available at http://www.justrade.jo/amir.doc

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	Testimony of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky Book:
	Year: 2001
	This testimony includes the background, supporting view, content and conclusion about the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: This testimony is available at http://www.senate.gov/~finance/032001cbtest.pdf

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	The Jordan Free Trade Agreement: The Wrong Template
	Author: Jagdish Bhagwati Book:
	Year: 2001
	This testimony takes another side of view to criticize the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement. The author judges whether the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement is really important in the Middle East Policy or not.
	Remarks: This testimony is available at http://www.columbia.edu/~jb38/papers/jordan.pdf

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	Document for the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides the whole set of the documents concerned about the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, including the text, schedule, letters and replies of the free trade agreement.
	Remarks: All the documents are available at http://www.jedco.gov.jo/jedco/usjoindex.htm

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	Free Trade Agreement: The Cost of US Nonparticipation
	Author: Jeffrey J. Schott Book:
	Year: 2001
	The author says that most countries in the hemisphere continue to pursue bilateral and regional free trade pacts without US, and that US trading interests could be adversely affected if this trend continues. Therefore, the author supports US to carry out free trade agreement with other countries.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.iie.com/papers/schott0401.htm#return

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	Canada Calling---Parliament Approved Canada-Israel Free-Trade Deal
	Author: John Dirlik Book: Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
	Year: April/May 1997 Vol: pg. 92
	This passage gives different views of the public on the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement. It also discusses the expected future effects of the agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0497/9704092.htm

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	Impact of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement on Banking and Financial Service Sector
	Author: Taher H. Kanaan Book:
	Year: 2001 Vol: The Arab Bank Review Vol.3 No.2
	This paper concentrates on the impacts of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement on the backing and financial service sectors and the commitment of the two member countries.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.arabbank.com/review/vol3_no2/45_51impa.pdf

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	The agreement on the European economic area (EEA) : a guide to the free movement of goods and competition rules
	Author: Therese Blanchet, Risto Piipponen, Maria Westman-Clement Book: The agreement on the European economic area (EEA) : a guide to the free movement of goods and competition rules
	Year: 1994 Vol: the whole book
	This book is a complete guide to the EEA Agreement. It describes the structure, objectives and functioning of the agreement. The product coverage and rules of origin of the agreement are discussed. Moreover, the book describes the intellectual property, product liability, public procurement, competition, state monopolies and public undertakings and state aid covered in the agreement.
	Remarks:

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	Trade Policy: Czechoslovakia--EEC, ECSC, EFTA, OECD
	Author: Emilian, Vosicky Book: Czechoslovak Economic Digest
	Year: May 1988 Vol: pages 61-65
	The article discusses the trade policy of Czechoslovakia towards EEC, ECSC, EFTA and OECD countries.
	Remarks:

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	Canada signs bilateral free trade agreement with Israel
	Author: Book: Canadian Public Policy On-line
	Year: August 7, 1996 Vol: Vol. 1, No. 31
	This is a piece of news reporting the public expectations on the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement. A brief introduction of the agreement is included.
	Remarks: http://ottawabureau.com/archive96/080796.htm

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	ITC (International Trade Commission) to analysis the economic impact of a US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Author: US International Trade Commission Book:
	Year: 2000
	This article provides information about the economic impacts brought by the US-Singapore free trade agreement.
	Remarks: This article is available at http://www.usitc.gov/er/nl2000/ER1208X1.HTM

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	Agreement Between The United States of America
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides details about the various objects like goods, services, etc, of this free trade agreement.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.usembassy-amman.org.jo/FTA/FTATxt.html

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	Singapore's new commercial strategy: The Pros and Cons of bilaterialism
	Author: Ramskishen S.Rajan and Rahul Sen Book:
	Year: January 2002
	This article gives a good insight about the pros and cons of the bilateral trade on Singapore.
	Remarks: This can also be useful at pondering and estimating the development of Singapore's economics after the bilateralism, especially after the free trade agreements. This article is available at http://www.adb.org/documents/events/2002/trade_policy/SINCTS.pdf

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	Public Comments on US Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Stephen Lamar Book:
	Year:
	This website provides the information about the impact and comments of US-Singapore free trade agreement.
	Remarks: This website can be found at http://www.americanapparel.org/data/AAFA%20Comments%20-%20Letter%20on%20US-Singapore%20FTA%20020405.pdf

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	Economic effect of US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Author: US International Trade Commission Book:
	Year: 2002
	This news release provides the information about the investigation about the effects brought by the US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, such as the seeking of more input from the other trade organizations and partners.
	Remarks: This news release is available at http://www.americanapparel.org/data/ITC%20US-Singapore%20FTA%20Report%20RFC%20Press%20Release%20020211.pdf

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	Public comments on the proposed US- Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year: 2000
	This website shows different views about the proposed US-Singapore free trade agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.citizen.org/trade/issues/fta/articles.cfm?ID=1125

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	An Assessment of Progress in Transition, Economic Performance, and Market Attractiveness of Central European Free Trade Agreement CEFTA Countries
	Author: Nowak,Jan;Poschl,josef Book: Journal of East West Business
	Year: 1999
	The authors assess the more advanced transition countries economic performance, stability and progress toward economic reforms. These countries are the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia -- members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement, or CEFTA, the integration grouping that now also includes Romania (excluded from the study). The authors also appraise the CEFTA-5 countries' attractiveness to international companies seeking expansion into the region. They conclude that in spite of its limited significance as an integration grouping, the CEFTA-5 should attract exporters and foreign attention due to its members' relatively successful transformation to a market economy, strong economic performance, favorable investment conditions, and the planned inclusion of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia into the European Union (EU).
	Remarks: AVAILABILITY: http://www.haworthpressinc.com/store/product.asp?sku=J097 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0498948

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	Regional and international trade policy: Lessons for the EU accession in the rural sector--World Bank/FAO Workshop
	Author: Csaki,-Csaba;Nash,John Book:
	Year: 1998
	These papers discuss the Central European Free Trade Agreement, the Baltic Free Trade Area, and agricultural trade in the Central and Eastern European countries. These papers are also about the future evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as an issue for countries preparing for European Union (EU) accession.
	Remarks:

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	2000 Review of the Internal Market Strategy and the Follow up on the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) side
	Author: European Free Trade Area (EFTA)Consultative Committee Book:
	Year: 2001
	During this review of the internal market strategy, the committee members pointed out that the current progress on implementation of the internal market strategy is too slow, a more discipline and concentrate effort should be made to enhance the efficiency in carry out the strategy.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://secretariat.efta.int/efta/EFTAConsult/Opinions/c00r006.doc

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	The Japan-Singapore Economic Agreement for a New Age Partnership
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides detail information about the Japan-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, including the outline, content and the group study reports.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/singapore/jsepa.html

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	The Japan-Singapore New Age?Economic Partnership Agreement: Background, Motivation And Implications
	Author: Ramkishen Rajan and Rahul Sen Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides detail information about the Japan-Singapore Free Trade Agreement and it also examines the foreseeable development of the bilateral trade between these two countries.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.ips.org.sg/publications/wp_no13.htm

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	The US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement:Taking US-Singapore relationships higher
	Author: Book:
	Year: 2002
	This speech helps us know more about the effects on the relationship of US and Singapore brought by the free trade agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.ips.org.sg/pub/sp_tommy_amcham.pdf

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	Chile’s Reaction to the Lack of NAFTA Expansion and FTAA
	Author: Margaret C. Boardman, Ph.D. Book: The Elusive Free Trade of the Americas Agreement (FTAA) Political and Economic Roadblocks to Hemispheric Integration in 2005
	Year: Spring 2000 Vol: Volume 5, Issue 2
	This part of the journal analyses Chile's current economic and trading situation. Details include the influences of Chilean presidential election on regional trade, Chilean trade agreements, Chile's economic data, and the relationship between Chile, European Union, MERCOSUR, APEC and NAFTA.
	Remarks: http://www.isop.ucla.edu/profmex/volume5/2spring00/00boardman4.htm

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	The Testing Market of Europe: Czechoslovakia's Economic Relations with Switzerland
	Author: Jozef, Baksay Book: Czechoslovak Economic Digest
	Year: 1991 Vol: series 3, pages 22-23
	Switzerland is the major trading partner of the Czech Republic. We can learn the economic relations between the Czech Republic and Switzerland from the article.
	Remarks:

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	FIFTY YEARS OF FRIENDSHIP: THE CANADA-ISRAEL RELATIONSHIP
	Author: Brian Morris Book:
	Year: May l998
	This essay discusses the 50 years relationship between Canada and Israel in details. Aspects include the political relations, peacekeeping and peacemaking, economic relations, and new areas of initiative.
	Remarks: http://web.idirect.com/~cic/canadaIsrael/trade/CANISR50.htm

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	Czech foreign trade in the economic transition
	Author: Jaroslav Foltýn, Jan Hrích Book: Prague Economic Papers
	Year: 2000 Vol: No.2, pages 149-56
	This article describes the almost ten-years long history of Czech foreign trade in the broader context of economic transition. Dividing the history into two different parts (1991 to 1996 and since 1997 beyond) the paper tries to evaluate not only the results in the period mentioned, but also to assess the roots and causes, both external and internal. Besides shortcomings there were a number of positive achievements, expecially in the first period (rapid reorientation, stable terms of trade etc.) which, however, turned sour especially due to neglecting huge and rising trade balance deficits. The situation exploded by the spring time of 1997 and the measures taken (austrety “packages”) have appeared only partially succesful so far. The world economy with its regional and financial turbulences and shakes of 1997/1999 made the situation even worse. Despite all negative factors the Czech trade balance improved partially in the period 1997 to 1999.
	Remarks:

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	Czech Republic: Toward EU accession: main report
	Author: World Bank Book: Czech Republic: Toward EU Accession: Main Report
	Year: 1999
	The Czech Republic is likely to access into EU in 2003 and the EFTA-Czech Republic free trade agreement will expire. The book analyzes economic developments in the Czech Republic since 1997 and the status of the economy from the perspective of its pursuit of EU membership. It describes the sustainable growth and income convergence in relation with the EU accession process and discusses the challenge of complying with EU environmental directives.
	Remarks:

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	Multinational, Regional and Bilateral Trade Policy Options for the United States and Japan
	Author: Drusilla K. Brown Alan V.Deardorff and Robert M.Stern Book:
	Year: 2001 Vol: Discussion Paper No.469
	This paper provides insight about the different trade agreements among different countries of the world, especially concentrates on United States and Japan who are key players of the global economy.
	Remarks: http://www.fordschool.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/papers451-475/r469.pdf

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	Chapter 7, Winners And Losers In EU Integration
	Author: K. Dezseri, S. Meisel, M. Racz Book: Winners And Losers In EU Integration (ISBN: 0821344277)
	Year: 2000 Vol: pp. 144-161
	This chapter of the book covers the fundamental economic and socio-cultural changes that have taken place since the end of the Hungarian Communists' government and gives a cost and benefit analysis of Hungary's striving towards an integration into Europe.
	Remarks: This book is available at Hong Kong Public Libraries eBook Collection.

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	Association of South East Asian Nations ( ASEAN) China Relations
	Author: K.S. Sandhu Book:
	Year: 1992
	This book provides detail information of the Association of South East Asian Nations, including the formation background, history, politics and also the social and cultural issues in the countries of this association.
	Remarks: This book is available at the University Library and the call out number is DS526.7.A83

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	The negotiation of the Europe Agreements with Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia - A three-level game
	Author: Derek Beach Book:
	Year: 1997
	This online paper analyses the negotiation of the commercial provisions of the Europe Agreements using a modified three-level game framework, supplemented with theories of domestic politics based upon the political economy discipline, and theories of international negotiations; implications for the the upcoming internal and external EC negotiations will be discussed.
	Remarks:

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	Mexico and Its Quest to Sign Multiple Free Trade Agreements: Spaghetti Regionalism Or Strategic Foreign Trade?
	Author: Alejandro Ibarra-Yunez Book:
	Year: 2001
	An analysis of the pros and cons of the multiple regional trade agreements (RTAs) by Mexico is presented, including a game model of equilibrium and a political economy approach of non-economic reasons for Mexico’s foreign trade stance.
	Remarks: This articule is available online online .

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	Free Trade versus Protectionism : a Source Book of Essays and Readings .
	Author: Compiled by Johannes Overbeek Book:
	Year:
	This book includes different authors' information about the history of free trade, protectionalism and international economic relations.
	Remarks: This book can be found in the University Library and the call out number is HF 1711.F744 1999

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	The Application of the Europe Agreement and European Law in Hungary: the Judgment of an Activist Constitutional Court on Activist Notions
	Author: János Volkai Book:
	Year: 1999
	This online paper elaborates on the Hungarian constitutional issues arising in connection with the competition law duties of Hungary under the co-operation regime of the Europe Agreement, in particular on the way the Community competition law is allowed to become effective in the Hungarian legal system by the Europe Agreement Judgment. The analysis of the Europe Agreement Judgment will focus on two points which make that judgment exceptionally significant. Firstly, it is the first occassion on which the principles and competence established by the Preliminary Issues Judgment are applied in practice by the Court with the result of declaring the competition co-operation regime partly unconstitutional. Secondly, the Europe Agreement Judgment is the first judgment in which the Court deals with the law of the European Communities.
	Remarks:

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	A Critical Review of Market Access in Central and Eastern Europe: The European Community's Role
	Author: David Everett Marko Book:
	Year: 1993
	This online article reviews and analyzes the constellation of European Community programs and arrangements with respect to the trade with the Central and Eastern Europe. First, as a background, this article reviews the Community's trading regime, which is articulated through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Second, this article provides an analysis of the elimination and suspension of the various quantitative restrictions historically imposed against the former Communist Bloc. Third, this article examines the Generalized System of Preferences, the Community's scheme for providing favorable trade to developing countries, as it applies to the Central and Eastern Europe. Fourth, this article reviews the Community's trade and association agreements with the East Bloc, beginning with the early sectoral arrangements and culminating in the current generation of Europe Agreements.
	Remarks:

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	Bridges to Peace: The US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement And American Policy in the Middle East
	Author: Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky U.S. Trade Representative Book:
	Year: July 2000
	This article shows the economic benefits about the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement. It also shows the summary of the content about this agreement and its effects on improving the relationship between these two countries.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.ndol.org/documents/Barshefsky_073100.pdf

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	Japan's New Regional Trade Policy—Which country will come next after Singapore?
	Author: Noboru Hatakeyama, Chairman and CEO Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) Book:
	Year: 13 March 2002
	This paper provides information about Japan's free trade policy and the future impact of bilateral free trade policy between Japan and other countries, such as more competition will occur.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.iie.com/papers/hatakeyama0302.htm

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	Asians seek regional trade pact: Development grows from Stalemate in WTO
	Author: Book:
	Year: April 17 2000
	Singapore - which insists it is still a strong supporter of multilateral trade liberalization - is among the Asia-Pacific countries pushing most for an extension of regional and bilateral free trade arrangements. It is negotiating or exploring bilateral deals with Japan.
	Remarks: This article is availble http://www.abaconline.org/news/archive/historical/asianwto.htm

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	Free Trade Deals: Is The United States Losing Ground
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides different people's opinion about the US-Jordan free trade agreement and some of them agrued that US will lose its competitiveness as its trading partners were moving ahead.
	Remarks: The paper is available at http://waysandmeans.house.gov/trade/107cong/3-29-01/107-9final.htm

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	International Trade Policy: A Primer
	Author: Kathleen Macmillan Book:
	Year: March 2000
	This is one of three discussion papers commissioned by Status of Women Canada in year 2000. It discusses the concepts and evolution of trade rule-making and provides an overview of a number of trade agreements to which Canada is a party. This could be a useful tool for those who are just becoming interested in the development of international trade policy. Information of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement and many other relevant agreements is provided on page 21.
	Remarks: http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/publish/020218-0662661958-e.pdf

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	US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year: Vol: Service Schedule A in Annex 3.1
	This paper provides detail information about the service schedule of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, including the limitation on the market access and national treatment.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.jordanembassyus.org/new/commercial/fta/annex3_1jo.pdf

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	International Scene
	Author: Blair Hodgson Book: Canada Minerals Yearbook
	Year: 1997 Vol: page 5
	This book is about the development of minerals mining activities in Canada. This part of the book mainly discusses different international regulations and agreements that influences the mineral exploration industry in Canada. A few information about the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement can be found on page 5.
	Remarks: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/cmy/content/1996/07.pdf

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	Public consultation and participation in environmental management in Canada and Chile
	Author: Book: Canada-Chile Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
	Year: Feb 2002
	This is the report of a joint project that aims at promoting transparency and public participation in environmental management, which is the main objective of the Canada-Chile Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (a parallel agreement of CCFTA). This report discusses the situation in Chile and Canada seperately. Areas covered include regional environmental management regime, government policies and legislations, and public participation.
	Remarks: http://can-chil.gc.ca/English/Download/canada_chile_agrmt_e.PDF

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	Canada; Competitor; Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement Opens Market for French Fries, Beans, Peas and Pet Food; 2001
	Author: Matthew A. Cahoon Book:
	Year: May 11, 2001 Vol: report No.:CA1072
	This is the GAIN (Global Agriculture Information Network) Report of CCFTA prepared by the Foreign Agricultural Services, USDA. It describes the benefits of CCFTA to Canada and Chile in the aspect of exports and imports volume, market shares, diversification of trade and amount of investment.
	Remarks: http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/News/News01/News0501/NewsUp5-18/Can5-11-01.pdf

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	US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year: Vol: Service Schedule A in Annex 3.1
	This paper provides detail information about the service schedule of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, including the limitation on the market access and national treatment.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.jordanembassyus.org/new/commercial/fta/annex3_1jo.pdf

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	Regional Trade Arrangement: Case for Japan Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper including the Japan Singapore Free Trade Agreement as an example to demonstrate the role of regionalism and multilateralism in economy.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.fba.nus.edu.sg/fba/mscphd/0036.pdf

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	International Trade Policy: A Primer
	Author: Kathleen Macmillan Book:
	Year: March 2000
	This is one of three discussion papers commissioned by Status of Women Canada in year 2000. It discusses the concepts and evolution of trade rule-making and provides an overview of a number of trade agreements to which Canada is a party. This could be a useful tool for those who are just becoming interested in the development of international trade policy. Information of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement and many other relevant agreements is provided on page 21.
	Remarks: http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/publish/020218-0662661958-e.pdf

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	Testimony of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky Book:
	Year: 2001
	This testimony includes the background, supporting view, content and conclusion about the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: This testimony is available at http://www.senate.gov/~finance/032001cbtest.pdf

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	Foreign Investment Policy in the Region [Latin America and the Carribean]
	Author: Permanent Secretariat of Latin American Economic System (SELA) Book: Part II, The International Trade Aagenda on Investment
	Year: 1999
	Foreign investment treatment policies in Latin America and the Caribbean are reviewed. These policies ceased to be protectionist and restrictive to become frank, open, charaterised by various liberal bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and integration and free trade agreement with treatment of foreign direct investment.
	Remarks: This article is available online . For the content of the full document please click "a href "http://lanic.utexas.edu/~sela/AA2K/EN/docs/spclxxvdi7.htm">here .

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	Economic Impact and Implications for Jordan of United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: This report was prepared by Montague Lord in collaboration with Hana Uraidi-Hammudeh and under the direction of Zaki Ayoubi and Chemonics International Inc., prime contractor to the U.S. Agency for International Development for the AMIR Program in Jordan. Book:
	Year: 2001 Vol: Contract No. 278-C-00-98-00029-00
	This report includes the content of the trade agreement, tariff structure and the impact on the international competitiveness. It also includes the potential impact in the future as well.
	Remarks: This report is available at http://www.justrade.jo/amir.doc

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	Japan Tries to Reverse Sunset
	Author: Dr. John D.Wiebe Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides detail information about the background of Japan's economics situation, such as the declining yen. In fact, this paper implies that yen is not only a legal tender to Japan but also an important tool in the foreign trade policy.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.asiapacific.ca/analysis/pubs/pdfs/japan.pdf

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	The Jordan Free Trade Agreement: The Wrong Template
	Author: Jagdish Bhagwati Book:
	Year: 2001
	This testimony takes another side of view to criticize the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement. The author judges whether the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement is really important in the Middle East Policy or not.
	Remarks: This testimony is available at http://www.columbia.edu/~jb38/papers/jordan.pdf

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	Dynamic Effects of the New Age Free Trade Agreement between Japan and Singapore
	Author: Thomas W. Hertel Terri Walmsley Book:
	Year:
	The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of the free trade agreement on production, consumption, trade and international investment flow.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu//resources/download/548.pdf

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	Document for the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides the whole set of the documents concerned about the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, including the text, schedule, letters and replies of the free trade agreement.
	Remarks: All the documents are available at http://www.jedco.gov.jo/jedco/usjoindex.htm

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	Singapore's New Commercial Strategy: The Pros and Cons of Bilateralism
	Author: Book:
	Year: Vol: Discussion Paper No.0202
	This paper gives a deep analysis about the pros and cons of bilateralism to Sinpagore and also the factors for Singapore's economic success.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.adelaide.edu.au/CIES/0202.pdf

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	The Agreement between Japan and The Republic of Singapore For a New Age Partnership
	Author: Book:
	Year: January 2002
	This paper evaluates background, content and analysis of the free trade agreement between Japan and Singapore.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.meti.go.jp/english/information/data/cJ-SFTA4e.pdf

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	Bulgaria: trade potential and delayed reforms
	Author: Krassen Stanchev, Martin Dimitrov Book: IME
	Year: Vol: p.1 - 24
	This paper focuses on Bulgarian trade potential during the transitional period. The authors first look at the beginning of Bulgarian economic reforms and summarize peculiarities of the initial conditions. Then, they review Bulgaria’s comparative openness with an attempt to outline what extend it would serve as a factor of higher growth and prosperity. The authors also mentions the external shocks of the period between 1990 and 2000 assess the resilience capacity of the Bulgarian economy. In addition, they discuss the factors behind Bulgaria’s trade performance that were either serving as a reason for its reorientation or were merely acting at the backgrounds. Finally, the authors look at the major trade partners of Bulgaria and compares them with those of countries of SEE.
	Remarks: The article can be downloaded in word format from http://www.balkannetwork.org/info/Bulgaria-Potential-trade-KS-MD-Viena.htm

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	Bulgaria's trade performance in the context of the Balkan region
	Author: Krassen Stanchev, Martin Dimitrov Book: IME
	Year: Vol: p.1 - 26
	The authors attempt to compare Bulgarian trade performance in terms of its openness and provisional benefits and policy of foreign trade liberlization with that of the Balkan countries. In section 5, the authors mention the major trading partners of Bulgaria. We can find the turnover of exports from Bulgaria to EFTA countries and the relative share of exports to some groups of countries. In addition, a table showing Bulgaria’s export/import average for 1993-1999, including Bulgaria-EFTA trade, can be found on p.22.
	Remarks: The article can be downloaded in word format from http://www.balkannetwork.org/info/BG-trade2.doc

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	Bulgaria’s trade policy and foreign trade regime in the light of its application to join the European Union
	Author: Book: European Institute
	Year: 2000
	The paper reviews the general framework of Bulgarian trade policy as well as its customs tariff and foreign trade regime. On the other hand, the author mentions Bulgarian trade policy to its trading partners. In section 3.2.1.2, the author describes the Bulgarian trade agreement with EFTA states.
	Remarks: The article can be downloaded in pdf format from http://www.europeaninstitute.net/files/BulFTregime2000_EN.pdf

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	Free Trade Agreement: The Cost of US Nonparticipation
	Author: Jeffrey J. Schott Book:
	Year: 2001
	The author says that most countries in the hemisphere continue to pursue bilateral and regional free trade pacts without US, and that US trading interests could be adversely affected if this trend continues. Therefore, the author supports US to carry out free trade agreement with other countries.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.iie.com/papers/schott0401.htm#return

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	Economic Integration Through Europe
	Author: Pawel Jackowski Book:
	Year:
	This online paper gives a rough overview of the contents of the Europe Agreements as a group.
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	Bulgaria's Participation in the Structural Policies of the European Union
	Author: Book:
	Year: 1999
	This online report examines the preparation of Bulgaria for future participation in the structural policies of the EU with the purpose of achieving economic and social harmonization on the basis of the introduction of principles of regional and social policy and the development of infrastructures in the area of transport and telecommunications. Structural funds are among the instruments used to achieve the aims of economic and social harmonization, and thus the preparation for their most effective and efficient use during the pre-accession period is very important. Within this context, the report examines the necessary organizational, administrative, legal and financial measures which must be undertaken in the pursuit of successful future participation in the structural funds of the EU.
	Remarks:

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	Bulgaria’s Trade Policy and Foreign Trade Regime in the Light of Its Application to Join the European Union
	Author: European Institute Book:
	Year: 2000
	This online paper discusses the general framework of Bulgaria's trade policy, its customs tariff and foreign trade regime, its trade policy to its trading partners, and the major tasks of the trade policy and foreign trade regime of Bulgaria in the Light of its application to Join the EU.
	Remarks:

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	Odd Couple Strikes a Model Trade Deal
	Author: Peter Bate Book: Magazine of the Inter-American Development Bank
	Year: June 2001
	This is an article about the possible effects of the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement. A few statistical data is provided.
	Remarks: http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/English/MAY01E/may01e10-b.html

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	Canada Calling---Parliament Approved Canada-Israel Free-Trade Deal
	Author: John Dirlik Book: Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
	Year: April/May 1997 Vol: pg. 92
	This passage gives different views of the public on the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement. It also discusses the expected future effects of the agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0497/9704092.htm

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	Impact of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement on Banking and Financial Service Sector
	Author: Taher H. Kanaan Book:
	Year: 2001 Vol: The Arab Bank Review Vol.3 No.2
	This paper concentrates on the impacts of the US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement on the backing and financial service sectors and the commitment of the two member countries.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.arabbank.com/review/vol3_no2/45_51impa.pdf

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	Trade Policy in the Context of Bulgaria's accession to the European Union
	Author: Book:
	Year: 1995
	This online paper takes a quite profound look into the establishment of free trade area between Bulgaria and the European Union, external relations including customs union, and Bulgaria's integration into the internal market of the European Union.
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	European Integration: Reflections on its Limits and Effects
	Author: William J. Davey Book: Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
	Year: 1993 Vol: Vol. 1, Issue 1
	This online journal article focuses on the economic integration of markets in Europe, where one aspect of the "globalization" process, the process by which laws, national economies, and political systems are becoming ever more entwined and interdependent, has occurred to the greatest extent, albeit at a regional level. The author first gives an overview of this process and consider the factors that the European experience in "regionalization" suggestions may limit economic and other forms of integration at the global level. He then speculates on how the integration of markets in Europe will change European trade policies and on how those changes might affect the United States.
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	China and Association of South East Asian Nations Can Share the Prosperity Together
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	For the past ten years, most of the people concerned about regional trade and the development of the economy. After the financial crisis, there is increasing concern among the countries about economic cooperation. This article provides overall information about the impacts brought by China's economic development on the South East Asia nations.
	Remarks: This website is available at: http://216.239.33.100/search?q=cache:z54KTHrzk3MC:www.iwep.org.cn/wec/English/articles/2002_01/cwe200201-fengxiaoming.pdf+ASEAN-China+Free+Trade+Agreement&hl=zh-TW&ie=UTF-8

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	The China - Association of South East Asian Nations Free Trade Area, Background, Framework and Political Implications
	Author: Kwei Bo Huang Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides an overall about the China-Association of South East Asian Nation Free Trade Area, this also gives us information about the economic background of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.dsis.org.tw/peaceforum/papers/2002-02/APE0202001e.pdf

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	Agreement Between The United States of America
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides details about the various objects like goods, services, etc, of this free trade agreement.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.usembassy-amman.org.jo/FTA/FTATxt.html

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	Free Trade Deals: Is The United States Losing Ground
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides different people's opinion about the US-Jordan free trade agreement and some of them agrued that US will lose its competitiveness as its trading partners were moving ahead.
	Remarks: The paper is available at http://waysandmeans.house.gov/trade/107cong/3-29-01/107-9final.htm

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	Canada signs bilateral free trade agreement with Israel
	Author: Book: Canadian Public Policy On-line
	Year: August 7, 1996 Vol: Vol. 1, No. 31
	This is a piece of news reporting the public expectations on the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement. A brief introduction of the agreement is included.
	Remarks: http://ottawabureau.com/archive96/080796.htm

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	International Trade Policy: A Primer
	Author: Kathleen Macmillan Book:
	Year: March 2000
	This is one of three discussion papers commissioned by Status of Women Canada in year 2000. It discusses the concepts and evolution of trade rule-making and provides an overview of a number of trade agreements to which Canada is a party. This could be a useful tool for those who are just becoming interested in the development of international trade policy. Information of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement and many other relevant agreements is provided on page 21.
	Remarks: http://www.swc-cfc.gc.ca/publish/020218-0662661958-e.pdf

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	China's Recent Approach to Asia: Seeking Long Term Gains
	Author: Robert Sutter Book:
	Year: 2002 Vol: P.13-p.38
	China has done a lot in order to improve the relationship between itself and other Asian countries. The goals of this approach is mainly due to the promotion of economic exchange to support the internal economic development, enhancement of China's regional and international power and influence. The goals also include the reduction in the regional fears and the assurance about how will China utilize its power in the region.
	Remarks: This paper for analysis is available at http://www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/vol13no1/13.1.pdf

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	An Assessment of Progress in Transition, Economic Performance, and Market Attractiveness of Central European Free Trade Agreement CEFTA Countries
	Author: Nowak,Jan;Poschl,josef Book: Journal of East West Business
	Year: 1999
	The authors assess the more advanced transition countries economic performance, stability and progress toward economic reforms. These countries are the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia -- members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement, or CEFTA, the integration grouping that now also includes Romania (excluded from the study). The authors also appraise the CEFTA-5 countries' attractiveness to international companies seeking expansion into the region. They conclude that in spite of its limited significance as an integration grouping, the CEFTA-5 should attract exporters and foreign attention due to its members' relatively successful transformation to a market economy, strong economic performance, favorable investment conditions, and the planned inclusion of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia into the European Union (EU).
	Remarks: AVAILABILITY: http://www.haworthpressinc.com/store/product.asp?sku=J097 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0498948

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	Odd Couple Strikes a Model Trade Deal
	Author: Peter Bate Book: Magazine of the Inter-American Development Bank
	Year: June 2001
	This is an article about the possible effects of the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement. A few statistical data is provided.
	Remarks: http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/English/MAY01E/may01e10-b.html

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	Central European Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides detail description about the Central European Free Trade Agreement, including the member states, full text, agreement, meeting and upcoming events.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.cefta.org/

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	A Free Trade Area For The Americas
	Author: James Parkard Love Book:
	Year:
	The regulation of intellectual property is a complex task for governments. It is difficult to decide what should be protected, and what form that protection should take. In addition, policy makers are faced with enormous pressures from commercial entities seeking ever-broader protections. This paper provides analysis about the issue of intellectual property right in the Free Trade Area in Americas.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.cptech.org/pharm/belopaper.html

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	Canada follows previous bilateral agreements in Costa Rican accord
	Author: Stikeman Elliott Book: Trade Law Update
	Year: July 2001
	This article describes the effect of the agreement and the two side agreements to both countries. It analyses that the agreement acts as a competition policy and a trade facilitation policy.
	Remarks: http://www.stikeman.com/newslett/TrdJul01-1.doc

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	The Central European Free Trade Agreement:A Step Towards EU Membership or Genuine Cooperation?
	Author: Ibolya Mile Book:
	Year:
	This paper reviews the progress of Central European Free Trade Agreement(CEFTA) since its inceptions and evaluates its success in terms of deepening of regional trade relations. The results are against the bilateral trade flows of the individual member countries with the European Union.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.apfpress.com/book2/pdf_files/12.pdf

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	Foreign Policy in Focus
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides description about President Bush's dream of creating a free trade area as it is wished by his father. However, this is not an easy task and the financial crisis in Mexico also dampens peoples' confidence in creating the free trade area. Bush still insists to hold negotiations for this free trade area.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.developmentgap.org/12ifftaa.pdf

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	North America Free Trade Area Secretariat
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides information about the free trade agreement between countries and also the cooperation of different secretariats.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org/english/index.htm

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	The Free Trade Area of Americas- Expanding North America Free Trade Area to the Rest of the Hemisphere
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides the North America Free Trade Area as the example to forecast the impacts bought by the Free Trade Area of Americas.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.aflcio.org/globaleconomy/ftaa.pdf

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	Central and East European (CEE) Source
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	CEE Source focuses on English-language www links from government, academic and news agency sources. Links with different languages are noted.
	Remarks: This source is available at: http://law.gonzaga.edu/library/ceeurope.htm

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	European Economic Review
	Author: Book:
	Year: 2002 Vol: Volume 46, Issue 1 to 5
	This journal provides detail information about the Central European Economics situation. It also provides wide range of information from articles to data analysis.
	Remarks: This journal is available at http://www.elsevier.com/homepage/sae/econworld/econbase/eer/frame.htm

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	Polish foreign trade in 2000 report
	Author: Ministry of Economy of Poland Book: Polish foreign trade in 2000 report
	Year: 2001 Vol: p.1-54
	The article is the foreign trade report of Poland in 2000. The changes in the commodity structure of Polish foreign trade from 1992 to 2000 are examined. The article then reviews Polish trade turnovers with its partner countries in 2000. Polish main commercial partners are outlined too. More importantly, the economic cooperation between EFTA states and Poland in 2000 can be found in section 4.4.
	Remarks: The article can be downloaded in pdf format from http://www.mg.gov.pl/english/daip_enu/ocena_prognoza/raport_2k-uk/hz_enu.pdf

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	Regional and international trade policy: Lessons for the EU accession in the rural sector--World Bank/FAO Workshop
	Author: Csaki,-Csaba;Nash,John Book:
	Year: 1998
	These papers discuss the Central European Free Trade Agreement, the Baltic Free Trade Area, and agricultural trade in the Central and Eastern European countries. These papers are also about the future evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as an issue for countries preparing for European Union (EU) accession.
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	Building security in Europe's new borderlands : subregional cooperation in the wider Europe
	Author: Renata Dwan Book:
	Year: 1999 Vol: App. E The Central European Free Trade Agreement p.229-223
	This book provides the analysis about the different councils and cooperation between the states of Europe. There is also an appendix of the Central European Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: This book is available at the University Library, call out number is JZ1570.B85 1999

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	Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Initiative
	Author: James Leach and Charles M. Gastle Book:
	Year: April 14, 2000
	The paper states that the eventual Free Trade Agreement Costa Rica is negotiating with Canada would become a model for the relations between small and large economies. It analyses the trading policy of Canada and Costa Rica in details. Some statistical data is given.
	Remarks: http://www.esteycentre.ca/Estey%20Submission%20re%20Free%20Trade,%20April%2014th,%202000.pdf

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	Polish Trade Adjustment Under Convertibility
	Author: Andrej Kondratowicz, Jan Michalek Book: The Economic transformation of Eastern Europe : views from within
	Year: 1992 Vol: p.106-126
	The article is found in chapter 8 of the book. During the transition period in 1990, the Polish government initiated the dramatic economic reforms. The author therefore studies Polish trade adjustment under the economic transformation.
	Remarks: The book is available at the University Library System of CUHK.

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	2000 Review of the Internal Market Strategy and the Follow up on the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) side
	Author: European Free Trade Area (EFTA)Consultative Committee Book:
	Year: 2001
	During this review of the internal market strategy, the committee members pointed out that the current progress on implementation of the internal market strategy is too slow, a more discipline and concentrate effort should be made to enhance the efficiency in carry out the strategy.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://secretariat.efta.int/efta/EFTAConsult/Opinions/c00r006.doc

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	Trading Away Our Environment: The Free Trade Area Of The Americas
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website shows the view that the people do not support the formation of free trade area and think that this area will destroy the environment of nature, especially at the cost of normal life of the animals.
	Remarks: This website is available for http://www.foe.org/international/ftaabrief.html

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	Negotiation at Key Juncture on Eve of April Meeting
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper shows that there is enhancing of economic integration during the past decade and the negotiations for free trade area can be a good example for the future free trade areas' formation. However, continues bargaining is still needed to reach a consensus for this free trade area.
	Remarks: The website is available at http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01552.pdf

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	Backgrounder: FTAA Offers Potential for Significant Increase in Trade Flows
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This article is providing detail information about the background of the Free Trade Agreement of Americas. U.S. officials have highlighted the acceleration in the growth of trade between the United States and its North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) partners. They also dicussed the benefits of North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) in a statement before leaving Washington, such as a more reasonable price and abundant job opportunities. That is why they thought that it was necessary to bring these advantages into the Free Trade Area of Americas and started negotiations for it.
	Remarks: This information is available at http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ar/trade/ftaa1.htm

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	Speech, Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Bill C-32
	Author: Gurmant Grewal, MBA, Member of Parliament, Surrey Central Book:
	Year: 10/25/2001
	This is a speech about the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act given by Gurmant Grewal, MBA, Member of Parliament, Surrey Central. It mainly states the effects of the Act to the Canadian economy.
	Remarks: http://www.ggrewal.com/Speeches%2037th/Speech011025.htm

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	The Japan-Singapore Economic Agreement for a New Age Partnership
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides detail information about the Japan-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, including the outline, content and the group study reports.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/singapore/jsepa.html

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	Woman in the Global Economy
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides information about the role of women in the global economy and the analysis of working environment and labour right of women.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.aflcio.org/globaleconomy/w_ftaa.pdf

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	Stop Free Trade Area of Americas
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides detail information about the overview of the Free Trade Area of Americas, the related issues, such as the environment and militarism. At the end, there is also a comparison of Free Trade Area of Americas and North American Free Trade Agreement and government statements. All of the above information help to support the writers' view that the Free Trade Area of Americas is not worth carrying on.
	Remarks: The information is available at http://www.stopftaa.org/info/

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	Free Trade Area of Americas: How would it affects you?
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper gives a good insight about the impacts bought by the Free Trade Agreement of Americas, especially focus on the effects of human life. The effects include the labour, working environment and immigrants.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.art-us.org/Docs/FTAAIMPC.pdf

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	Has the Commonwealth of Independent States Collapsed?
	Author: Dimitri Kemoklidze Book:
	Year: 2001
	This online article discusses the failure of the CIS to operate as a real integrative institution, especially after the creation of GUUAM and the Eurasian Economic Union, two regional organizations in the CIS.
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	CIS Countries on the Way to Regional Economic Integration
	Author: Egor S. Stroev Book: Russia and Eurasia at the Crossroads
	Year: 1999 Vol: Chapter 9, pp. 384-491
	This chapter of the book reviews the regional economic integration in today's world, discusses the experience and problems of economic integration in the CIS towards a common economic space, science-technology and education space, depict the CIS's organisational forms of integration and the Petersburg Economic Forum, and envision the issues of economic integration in international research.
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	Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Political Disintegration, and the Choice of Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions
	Author: Maurice Schiff Book:
	Year:
	This online paper uses two theories — on the impact of multilateral trade liberalization (MTL) on regional integration, and on the impact of MTL on political disintegration — to explain why the ratio of FTAs to Customs Unions has increased over time, and why that ratio is larger for North-South than for South-South regional agreements. Issues related to the CIS is briefly discussed.
	Remarks:

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	Briefing Book on the Accession of the Russian Federation to the World Trade Organization
	Author: Book:
	Year: 2000
	This site generally discusses three barrier to Russia's accession to the WTO - intellectual property rights, trade remedy laws of the United States, and free-trade agreements with other former Soviet republics.
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	The Japan-Singapore New Age?Economic Partnership Agreement: Background, Motivation And Implications
	Author: Ramkishen Rajan and Rahul Sen Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides detail information about the Japan-Singapore Free Trade Agreement and it also examines the foreseeable development of the bilateral trade between these two countries.
	Remarks: This website is available at http://www.ips.org.sg/publications/wp_no13.htm

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	Trade Policy: Czechoslovakia--EEC, ECSC, EFTA, OECD
	Author: Emilian, Vosicky Book: Czechoslovak Economic Digest
	Year: May 1988 Vol: pages 61-65
	The article discusses the trade policy of Czechoslovakia towards EEC, ECSC, EFTA and OECD countries.
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	The Testing Market of Europe: Czechoslovakia's Economic Relations with Switzerland
	Author: Jozef, Baksay Book: Czechoslovak Economic Digest
	Year: 1991 Vol: series 3, pages 22-23
	Switzerland is the major trading partner of the Czech Republic. We can learn the economic relations between the Czech Republic and Switzerland from the article.
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	FIFTY YEARS OF FRIENDSHIP: THE CANADA-ISRAEL RELATIONSHIP
	Author: Brian Morris Book:
	Year: May l998
	This essay discusses the 50 years relationship between Canada and Israel in details. Aspects include the political relations, peacekeeping and peacemaking, economic relations, and new areas of initiative.
	Remarks: http://web.idirect.com/~cic/canadaIsrael/trade/CANISR50.htm

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	Czech foreign trade in the economic transition
	Author: Jaroslav Foltýn, Jan Hrích Book: Prague Economic Papers
	Year: 2000 Vol: No.2, pages 149-56
	This article describes the almost ten-years long history of Czech foreign trade in the broader context of economic transition. Dividing the history into two different parts (1991 to 1996 and since 1997 beyond) the paper tries to evaluate not only the results in the period mentioned, but also to assess the roots and causes, both external and internal. Besides shortcomings there were a number of positive achievements, expecially in the first period (rapid reorientation, stable terms of trade etc.) which, however, turned sour especially due to neglecting huge and rising trade balance deficits. The situation exploded by the spring time of 1997 and the measures taken (austrety “packages”) have appeared only partially succesful so far. The world economy with its regional and financial turbulences and shakes of 1997/1999 made the situation even worse. Despite all negative factors the Czech trade balance improved partially in the period 1997 to 1999.
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	The Russian Foreign Trade
	Author: Vladimir Tikhomirov Book: The Political Economy of Pos-Soviet Russia
	Year: 2000 Vol: Chapter 3, pp. 115-166
	This chapter of a book discusses Russia's foreign trade with non-CIS countries and CIS countries, its regional patterns of foreign trade, and its ways and volumes of capital flight.
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	The Evolution Of Chilean Trade Policy In The Americas: From Lone Ranger To Team Players
	Author: Thomas Andrew O’Keefe Book: No. 3 Florida Journal of International Law
	Year: Spring 2001 Vol: Volume XIII, pp. 251-271
	This article investigates the evolution of Chilean trading policy in 1990s. It contains information about various trading agreement of Chile, such as the Chile-Mexico Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.mercosurconsulting.net/article5.html

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	Hungarian trade and trade policy toward integration into the European Union
	Author: Andrea Elteto, Andras Inotai and Sandor Meisel Book: Russian & East European Finance and Trade
	Year: Mar / Apr 2000 Vol: Volume 36, Issue 2, p. 42-62
	In the 1990s Hungary must face two major challenges in completing two parallel tasks. The first task is to accomplish, in a relatively short period, the transition to a market economy, creating and modernizing its institutions and the necessary systems for its functioning. The second parallel task is to meet the criteria of the approaching European integration (motivated by the provisions of the Europe Agreement and by legal harmonization), and, at the same time, to create the necessary economic conditions for accession to the European Union (EU). The article therefore concentrates on the Hungarian trade and trade policy to achieve the above goals.
	Remarks: The article can be downloaded through connecting to the Econ Lit from the University Libary System of CUHK.

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	The ASEAN Free Trade Area What's In It for Australian Business
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides detail analysis about the intra economic liberalisation, and the paper shows the view that further cooperation should be ensured in this free trade agreement. This agreement can also deepen the relationship between the member countries including Australia.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.acci.asn.au/text_files/issues_papers/Small_Business/SB01.pdf

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	Mexico’s new potential trade and investment partner: the EU (Implications for Mexico of the common agricultural policy)
	Author: Federico de la Mora Book:
	Year:
	It is a student assignments.The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) – a major import barrier - has been one of the main causes of conflict in the agricultural world trade. The aim of this essay is to analyze the EU's trade and investment policies – particularly the "common agricultural policy" and its implications for Mexico - and to discuss the EU-Mexico trade framework with a major focus in the improvement of the investment and trade relationships between the EU and Mexico.
	Remarks: The paper can be downloaded from http://www.duxx.mx/campus_life/docs/FdelaMora.pdf

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	Asians seek regional trade pact: Development grows from Stalemate in WTO
	Author: Book:
	Year: April 17 2000
	Singapore - which insists it is still a strong supporter of multilateral trade liberalization - is among the Asia-Pacific countries pushing most for an extension of regional and bilateral free trade arrangements. It is negotiating or exploring bilateral deals with Japan.
	Remarks: This article is availble http://www.abaconline.org/news/archive/historical/asianwto.htm

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	Japan's New Regional Trade Policy—Which country will come next after Singapore?
	Author: Noboru Hatakeyama, Chairman and CEO Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) Book:
	Year: 13 March 2002
	This paper provides information about Japan's free trade policy and the future impact of bilateral free trade policy between Japan and other countries, such as more competition will occur.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.iie.com/papers/hatakeyama0302.htm

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	Regional Trade Arrangement: Case for Japan Singapore Free Trade Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper including the Japan Singapore Free Trade Agreement as an example to demonstrate the role of regionalism and multilateralism in economy.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.fba.nus.edu.sg/fba/mscphd/0036.pdf

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	Free Trade Agreement: Opportunity and Challenges
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This paper's writer stands from the Australia's point of view and states that it will bring advantages to Australia and the goverment should support the negotiation too.
	Remarks: This paper is availble at http://www.apec.org.au/docs/Lloydfta.PDF

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	The EU-Mexico free trade agreement: incentives, context and effects
	Author: Matthias Busse and Georg Koopmann Book: Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA)
	Year: October 2001
	This paper evaluates the political and economic incentives to conclude the EU -Mexico Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It discusses EU and Mexican trade policy as well as the multilateral context for FTAs. In addition, using a disaggregated approach at the three digit level of the Standard international Trade Classification, it identifies the commodities that will be particularly affected by the FTA. The results show that considerable trade effects can be expected for a narrow range of products. Whereas the EU is likely to gain a lot more from trade creation and diversion effects, Mexico could improve its position as a location for foreign direct investment, as European companies could better use Mexico as an entry point into US and Canadian markets.
	Remarks: The paper can be downloaded in pdf format from http://www.hwwa.de/Projekte/Forsch_Schwerpunkte/FS/Handel/Publikationen/EU-MexicoFTA.pdf

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	Japan Tries to Reverse Sunset
	Author: Dr. John D.Wiebe Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides detail information about the background of Japan's economics situation, such as the declining yen. In fact, this paper implies that yen is not only a legal tender to Japan but also an important tool in the foreign trade policy.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.asiapacific.ca/analysis/pubs/pdfs/japan.pdf

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	Dynamic Effects of the New Age Free Trade Agreement between Japan and Singapore
	Author: Thomas W. Hertel Terri Walmsley Book:
	Year:
	The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of the free trade agreement on production, consumption, trade and international investment flow.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu//resources/download/548.pdf

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	The Japan Singapore New Age Economic Partnership Agreement:Background,motivation and Implications
	Author: Ramkishen S. Rajah Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides detail information about the background of the Japan, Singapore free trade agreement and it also explains about the motivations as well as the implications.
	Remarks: The paper is available here http://www.adb.org/documents/events/2002/trade_policy/JAPSIN.pdf

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	Singapore's New Commercial Strategy: The Pros and Cons of Bilateralism
	Author: Book:
	Year: Vol: Discussion Paper No.0202
	This paper gives a deep analysis about the pros and cons of bilateralism to Sinpagore and also the factors for Singapore's economic success.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.adelaide.edu.au/CIES/0202.pdf

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	The Agreement between Japan and The Republic of Singapore For a New Age Partnership
	Author: Book:
	Year: January 2002
	This paper evaluates background, content and analysis of the free trade agreement between Japan and Singapore.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.meti.go.jp/english/information/data/cJ-SFTA4e.pdf

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	China and Association of South East Asian Nations Can Share the Prosperity Together
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	For the past ten years, most of the people concerned about regional trade and the development of the economy. After the financial crisis, there is increasing concern among the countries about economic cooperation. This article provides overall information about the impacts brought by China's economic development on the South East Asia nations.
	Remarks: This website is available at: http://216.239.33.100/search?q=cache:z54KTHrzk3MC:www.iwep.org.cn/wec/English/articles/2002_01/cwe200201-fengxiaoming.pdf+ASEAN-China+Free+Trade+Agreement&hl=zh-TW&ie=UTF-8

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	The China - Association of South East Asian Nations Free Trade Area, Background, Framework and Political Implications
	Author: Kwei Bo Huang Book:
	Year:
	This paper provides an overall about the China-Association of South East Asian Nation Free Trade Area, this also gives us information about the economic background of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: This paper is available at http://www.dsis.org.tw/peaceforum/papers/2002-02/APE0202001e.pdf

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	ASEAN-China Economic Relations
	Author: Chia Siow Yue Cheng Bifan Book:
	Year: 1989
	This book provides information about the economic relationship between Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China. This book can give us a good insight about the background of free trade agreement between China and Association of South East Asian Nations.
	Remarks: The call out number of this book is HF1592.5.C6A83 at the University Library

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	China and the Asia Pacific Economy
	Author: Joseph C.H. Chai, Y.Y. Kueh, Clement A. Tisdell. Book:
	Year: 1997 Vol: p.225-256
	This book provides information about China's economic relationship with other countries and there are also specific chapters about the Free Trade Agreement between Association of South East Asian Nations and China.
	Remarks: This book is available at the University Library and the call out number is HF1604.Z4P333 1997

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	Association of South East Asian Nations ( ASEAN) China Relations
	Author: K.S. Sandhu Book:
	Year: 1992
	This book provides detail information of the Association of South East Asian Nations, including the formation background, history, politics and also the social and cultural issues in the countries of this association.
	Remarks: This book is available at the University Library and the call out number is DS526.7.A83

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	China's Recent Approach to Asia: Seeking Long Term Gains
	Author: Robert Sutter Book:
	Year: 2002 Vol: P.13-p.38
	China has done a lot in order to improve the relationship between itself and other Asian countries. The goals of this approach is mainly due to the promotion of economic exchange to support the internal economic development, enhancement of China's regional and international power and influence. The goals also include the reduction in the regional fears and the assurance about how will China utilize its power in the region.
	Remarks: This paper for analysis is available at http://www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/vol13no1/13.1.pdf

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	Country Profile: Costa Rica
	Author: DRI WEFA, Inc. Book:
	Year: June 2001
	This is the country profile of Costa Rica. It included the data of imports and exports of Costa Rica. Other general information about Costa Rica is also provided.
	Remarks: http://www.ontario-canada.com/medt/edtlib.nsf/files/CRI.pdf/$FILE/CRI.pdf

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	Free Trade Area of Americas: What are the Benefits for U.S. Agriculture?
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	Progressive elimination of tariff among member countries is one of goal of the Free Trade Area of Americas and this paper is forecasting the effects bought by this elimination on the agricultural industry. This paper also shows the view that all trade distorting practices should be brought under censorship and to ensure free trade of agricultural products.
	Remarks: The paper is available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/apr2000/ao270e.pdf

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	Full Text of Free Trade Area of Americas (FTAA) Draft Agreement
	Author: Book:
	Year:
	This website provides detail information about the full text of Free Trade Area of Americas, especially about the agricultural issues, government procurement and investment.
	Remarks: This information is available at http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ftaadraft/eng/draft_e.doc

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	Impediments to exports in small transition economies: the case of Bulgaria
	Author: Rumen Dobrinsky and Ira Yanneva Book: MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies
	Year: 1997 Vol: Volume 7, issue 2, page 33 - 55
	There are serious impediments to Bulgarian exports during the transition period. The paper therefore studies the barriers faced by Bulgarian exporting companies. 18 Bulgarian enterprises are selected for the study. The study finds that Bulgarian producers still face significant export barriers, especially on domestic origin. The trade turnover of geographical orientation of Bulgarian trade from 1988 - 1994, including the trade with EFTA states, is described in table 2 of the paper. The readers may compare the share of turnover with that after 1993 --- the year that EFTA - Bulgaria free trade agreement entered into force. The effectiveness of the agreement can thus be examined.
	Remarks: The paper can be downloaded in pdf format from http://ipsapp009.lwwonline.com/content/getfile/5022/2/3/fulltext.pdf

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	Country Profile: Costa Rica
	Author: DRI WEFA, Inc. Book:
	Year: June 2001
	This is the country profile of Costa Rica. It included the data of imports and exports of Costa Rica. Other general information about Costa Rica is also provided.
	Remarks: http://www.ontario-canada.com/medt/edtlib.nsf/files/CRI.pdf/$FILE/CRI.pdf

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	Canada follows previous bilateral agreements in Costa Rican accord
	Author: Stikeman Elliott Book: Trade Law Update
	Year: July 2001
	This article describes the effect of the agreement and the two side agreements to both countries. It analyses that the agreement acts as a competition policy and a trade facilitation policy.
	Remarks: http://www.stikeman.com/newslett/TrdJul01-1.doc

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	Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Initiative
	Author: James Leach and Charles M. Gastle Book:
	Year: April 14, 2000
	The paper states that the eventual Free Trade Agreement Costa Rica is negotiating with Canada would become a model for the relations between small and large economies. It analyses the trading policy of Canada and Costa Rica in details. Some statistical data is given.
	Remarks: http://www.esteycentre.ca/Estey%20Submission%20re%20Free%20Trade,%20April%2014th,%202000.pdf

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	Speech, Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Bill C-32
	Author: Gurmant Grewal, MBA, Member of Parliament, Surrey Central Book:
	Year: 10/25/2001
	This is a speech about the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act given by Gurmant Grewal, MBA, Member of Parliament, Surrey Central. It mainly states the effects of the Act to the Canadian economy.
	Remarks: http://www.ggrewal.com/Speeches%2037th/Speech011025.htm

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	Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Political Disintegration, and the Choice of Free Trade Agreements versus Customs Unions
	Author: Maurice Schiff Book:
	Year:
	This online paper uses two theories — on the impact of multilateral trade liberalization (MTL) on regional integration, and on the impact of MTL on political disintegration — to explain why the ratio of FTAs to Customs Unions has increased over time, and why that ratio is larger for North-South than for South-South regional agreements. Issues related to the CIS is briefly discussed.
	Remarks:

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	Signing Ceremonies Do Not Ensure Future Success For Economic Blocs
	Author: Alec Appelbaum Book:
	Year: 2001
	This online article argues that signing ceremonies alone does not ensure future success for trade initiatives in light of two competing economic blocs comprising former Soviet states - the GUUAM group and the Eurasian Economic Community.
	Remarks:

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	The Evolution Of Chilean Trade Policy In The Americas: From Lone Ranger To Team Players
	Author: Thomas Andrew O’Keefe Book: No. 3 Florida Journal of International Law
	Year: Spring 2001 Vol: Volume XIII, pp. 251-271
	This article investigates the evolution of Chilean trading policy in 1990s. It contains information about various trading agreement of Chile, such as the Chile-Mexico Free Trade Agreement.
	Remarks: http://www.mercosurconsulting.net/article5.html